SSL is a ranking factor — but not a big one
Google confirmed HTTPS as a lightweight ranking signal back in 2014. It's a tie-breaker: between two otherwise equal pages, the HTTPS one wins. What matters far more is what happens when SSL is missing or broken. Chrome, Safari, and Firefox all display "Not secure" warnings on http:// pages that collect any form input. Users bounce within seconds. Conversion rates on unsecured checkout pages drop by 60–80%.
Beyond the warning, unsecured pages get pushed down in rankings during core updates, are excluded from some rich results, and — as of 2023 — can be flagged as suspicious by Google Safe Browsing if they load mixed content (secure page loading insecure images or scripts).