How a QR code stores your link
A QR code is a two-dimensional grid encoding text — usually a URL. The three big squares in the corners let a camera find and orient the code from any angle; the smaller alignment squares correct for curved or tilted surfaces. Data is stored in modules (the tiny black and white blocks), and the more characters you encode, the denser the grid gets.
That's why shorter URLs scan faster and print smaller. A 30-character link produces a sparse, forgiving code. A 200-character link with tracking parameters produces a dense one that struggles on a business card or under bad lighting.